Soil Moisture Sensor And Water Control - 2520 Words

Soil Moisture Sensor and Water Control Manoj H G1, Nagendra G L1, bhaskar k2, Prakash Kodali1 1Instrumentation and applied physics Indian Institute of Science Bangalore-560012 -India kprakash@iap.iisc.ernet.in 2DLRL LABS DRDO Hyderabad-India gmail@gmail.com Abstract—Soil Moisture Sensor Application and Water Control is an automatically water releasing system whenever there is a deficiency of water in agriculture and green house area. Here in this paper, it proposes the new structures of sensors for high sensitivity and three types of moisture level indication systems which can be easily used in fields to save the power, water and crop. The performance comparison made for homemade sensors and readily available sensors, sensitivity improved to the homemade sensors. The high sensitivity and consistency achieved by tin coating to the sensor electrodes. The system monitors the land moisture every time and maintains the fixed water levels by turning on and off the motor. According to the security aspects and repeatability it is good. Its implementation is easy and low cost for affording the system Index Terms—Sensors, signal conditioning system, sensitivity power management etc, I. INTRODUCTION A sensor is a device that measures a physical quantity and converts it into a signal which can be read by an observer or by an (today mostly electronic) instrument. We have so many types of sensors in that soil moisture sensor are the one which measures water content present inShow MoreRelatedAutomated Drip Irrigation System Using Cloud Computing Essay1392 Words   |  6 Pagesdominant in water consumption because of population growth and increased food demand. In India agriculture, primarily depends on the monsoon, which is not a sufficient source of water. So irrigation is employed in the agriculture area. This paper targets to offer a cloud based drip irrigation system to aid the farmers. The proposed system uses a microcontroller, sensors, and a cloud server to provide real time network with field over a Wi-Fi network. The proposed system aims to conserve water up to aRead MoreMonitoring Plants without Man Power1194 Words   |  5 PagesA wireless sensor network plays a vital r ole in the field of agriculture. It is a new interdisciplinary technology which is achieved as a great development in recent years. Low power consumption, Low cost and self organization of wireless sensor network got it widely used in many fields. This project deals with technical advantage of the applications of wireless sensor network in modern architecture. Sensors are the hopeful device for precision agriculture. In this project the sensors measures theRead MoreWeb Application For The Smart Agricultural System1573 Words   |  7 Pagesperforms the webpages backend processing, and JSON is used for data. The Web Application performs most of its interaction with the Sensor Network through JSON files are passed between the Webserver and the Web Application. The JSON files contain labeled data that can be displayed as plots or text information. The plots are updated once every second by requesting new sensor data from the Webserver. This Section will focus on the software that allows that Web Application to function. These softwareRead MoreA Report On Leaf Sensor1457 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Æ' Leaf Sensor Principle of operation The SG-1000 Leaf sensor is a phytometric device, measuring plant physiological processes, measuring the water loss or the water deficit stress (WDS) in plants by real-time monitoring the moisture level in plant leaves (Seelig, 2010). Figure 1: New and Improved Leaf Sensor-Now Visually Predominate in Yellow (AgriHouse, 2012) It is designed to measure the water level in live plants, the leaf moisture levels (leaf thickness) and sap flow in real time. The dataRead MoreAutomatic Irrigation System Using Wsn1698 Words   |  7 Pagesoptimize water use for agriculture crops. The system has a distributed wireless sensor node network of soil moisture, temperature sensors and humidity sensor placed in the soil. Energy conservation is a very critical issue in wireless sensor networks. In this paper a TDMA based MAC protocols are used to conserve the energy in wireless sensor networks which is used in an irrigation system. An algorithm is developed with threshold values of moisture level, temperature of the soil and humidity sensor thatRead MoreHigh Sensitive Soil Moisture Sensors And Automatic Watering System For Irrigation2516 Words   |  11 PagesSensitive Soil-Moisture Sensors and Automatic Watering System for Irrigation Navin Kumar H A1, Nagendra G L1, bhaskar k2, Prakash Kodali1 1Instrumentation and applied physics Indian Institute of Science Bangalore-560012 -India kprakash@iap.iisc.ernet.in 2DLRL LABS DRDO Hyderabad-India gmail@gmail.com Abstract—Soil-Moisture sensing and automated system is an automatically water releasing system in agriculture and green house area. Here in this paper, it proposes the new structures of sensors forRead MoreThe Automatic Irrigation System Project Essay1768 Words   |  8 Pageshelps plants to stay healthy by providing water as per their need. Our project can water 5 plants at maximum, it involves Crowduino which acts as a brain it provides instructions to other components and they react according to it. This project is a simultaneous working of 6 steps:- 1. Reading data from soil moisture sensor. 2. Sending it to Crowduino. 3. Crowduino sends the instruction to driver. 4. The driver provides the supply to pump. 5. Pump sprays the water at plants. 6. Rotator rotates the pumpRead MoreThe Functional Advancement Starting With No Outside Help Of A Full Custom Wsn Stage1977 Words   |  8 Pagesrequesting application is chosen as reference to manage the vast majority of hub and stage arrangement investigation and the usage choices. All parts of the WSN stage are considered: stage structure, adaptability and reusability, improvement of the sensor and door hubs, enhancement of the correspondence conventions for both in-field and long range, mistake recuperation from interchanges and hub operation, high accessibility of administration at all levels, application server unwavering quality andRead MoreThe Effect Of Soil On The Soil Formation Of Soil2374 Words   |  10 Pages The soil is a complex mixture of minerals, water, air, organisms and organic matter that are decaying remains of once-living things. The soil is vital in supporting plant life and all forms life. The soil is not consistent throughout the world because of the way t hat it is formed and environmental factors that vary through the process of soil formation. The factors that play the most important role in the formation of soil are climate, organisms, relief, parent material and time. These factorsRead MoreMonitoring The Energy Consumption Mac Protocols1660 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract— Wireless Sensor Network broadly used for observing the environmental constraint. An automated irrigation system is developed to improve water use for agriculture yields. Energy conservation is a very critical issue in wireless sensor networks. For monitoring the energy consumption MAC protocols plays a very major role. With the help sensors and simple circuitry this work purposes low-cost product, which can be bought even by a poor farmer. The structure has a dispersed sensor nodes (SN) comprising

Analysis Of The Article Secrets Of The Brain Essay

I read the article, â€Å"Secrets of the Brain†, found in the February 2014 issue of National Geographic written by Carl Zimmer. I chose this subject because I have been fascinated with the brain and how it works. The research of the brain has been ongoing for many centuries now. The history in this article is interesting. It explained how scientists used to understand the brain and its inner workings. For example, â€Å"in the ancient world physicians believed that the brain was made of phlegm. Aristotle looked on it as a refrigerator, cooling of the fiery heart. From his time through the Renaissance, anatomists declared with great authority that our perceptions, emotions, reasoning, and actions were all the result of â€Å"animal spirits†Ã¢â‚¬â€mysterious, unknowable vapors that swirled through cavities in our head and traveled through our bodies.† (Zimmer, p. 38) It was the 17th century British scientist Thomas Willis who recognized that the custard like tissue of the brain was where our mental world existed. The brain is an electric organ. Now we know that instead of animal spirits, voltage spikes travel through it and out into the body’s nervous system. Scientists are motivated for the need to understand the brain to explain neurological diseases such as Autism, Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, Schizophrenia, and many more. The cure to many of these may just be found hidden in the brain. Could it really be just simple as rewiring the brain or replacing defective or missing parts? TheShow MoreRelatedAnnotated Bibliography List : Ted Talk Essay1127 Words   |  5 Pageswhy we need sleep and how getting less than the suggested amount affects the brain. There are three main reasons why we need sleep; restoration, energy conservation, and brain function. Only certain genes are turned on when you sleep so you need to sleep in order for those genes to turn on and allow you other genes to be restored, while sleeping you save about 110 calories, sleep helps enhance creativity, and your brain is less likely to retain information if you’re sleep deprived and trying to cramRead MoreCase Study Analysis : Time Management900 Word s   |  4 PagesLiz Benz Case Study Analysis #1: Time Management 1. What was your score? The score I came up with was 1,105. I found myself reading the scoring directions over many times and found them very confusing so I’m not totally confident I scored it correctly. 2. Overall, how do you feel you did with the exercise? Overall, I feel I did ok with the exercise. Quite frankly, I found it quite confusing and not very realistic. I don’t chop my day into  ½ hour increments as was done in the exercise; myRead MoreResearch Paper On Phantom Limb1910 Words   |  8 Pagespainful. They often experience burning, crushing, stabbing, itching, or cramping sensation where the amputated limb used to be. Brain is a very complex organ. Brain maps out the body so it receives and sends signal according to the map. If for some reason a person losses a body part then it affects the brain to misinterpret the information. Due to the loss of a body part the brain misguides the information so the person feels sensation on their amputated limb. The experience of the sensation from theRead MoreThe Three Critical Reasons For Taking Action1462 Words   |  6 PagesReasons For Taking Action By Marni Spencer Devlin | Submitted On September 07, 2015 Recommend Article Article Comments Print Article Share this article on Facebook Share this article on Twitter Share this article on Google+ Share this article on Linkedin Share this article on StumbleUpon Share this article on Delicious Share this article on Digg Share this article on Reddit Share this article on Pinterest Expert Author Marni Spencer Devlin Taking action is critical but it s not at all forRead MoreImportance Of Surveillance And The Eu1389 Words   |  6 Pages400 million people and an area of 4,312,099 square kilometer (European Commission, 2016). Schengen Information System (SIS) A major component of the Schengen arrangement is the Schengen Information System (SIS), which is regarded as its heart and brain. A common database is established in Strasbourg with identical databases in all participating states. Authorities claim that the SIS is meant to deal with the detection and prevention of serious organized crime operating across national borders, whichRead MoreImpression Management Of A Networked Setting : Reading Pop Culture, 2nd Ed Edited By Jeff Osbourne1954 Words   |  8 PagesMedia Affects Your Brain†. CNN, 14 Mar. 2017 http://www.cnn.com/2016/07/12/health/social-media-brain/. In the article â€Å"Teens: This is How Social Affects Your Brain† the writer from CNN reports the fact that teenagers that use social media are shown that their pleasure part of their brain increases in activity, when they receive likes on their own pictures, or posts. This was evident by the study done by researchers at the UCLA Brain Mapping Center used an fMRI scanner to scan the brains of 32 teenagersRead MoreThe Power Of Love By Sue Johnson1457 Words   |  6 Pagesgain (Schaeffer, 2009, p.24). All the side effects shown and more have been proven with multiple researches and experiments throughout the years that support the claim; relationships can affect different aspects of a person’s life. In the magazine article, â€Å"The Power of Love† published by Time in 2016 and written by Sue Johnson, she explains that the quality of a relationship can have its health perks, but also it can be a peril in its absence. The disturbing truth is that an epidemic of depressionRead MoreIts Revolutioning Essay1506 Words   |  7 Pagesbroader view epitomizes the very foundation of the spirit of science. Solving a jigsaw puzzle involves visual and spatial skills, requiring activation of both the left and right hemispheres of the brain to successfully decipher piecing placement. The left side of the brain, associated with logic, analysis, reasoning, deduction, sequencing, individual parts and pattern identification simultaneously pairs with the right brains propensity for intuition, creativity, randomness and big picture characteristicsRead MoreIs Coca Cola the Perfect Business?936 Words   |  4 PagesCase Study IS COCA-COLA THE PERFECT BUSINESS? A. One of the most important skills to learn in managerial economics is the ability to identify a good business. Discuss at least four characteristics of a good business. Based on the article about Coca-Cola, there are five essential characteristics of a business for it to be considered as a â€Å"Good Business†. First, it should be appealing to both young and old alike. Second, it must have a distinct characteristic which cannot be easily imitatedRead MoreIs Marketing Art or Science1647 Words   |  7 PagesIndeed, it is true that a good marketing will relies to a great degree on creativity and right-brain thinking. It can infrequently be reduced to formulas, statistics, and decision rules. However, many do not realize that good marketing represents creativity that is firmly rooted in data. Marketing is best understood as the meeting place for data and intuition, analysis and creativity, left and right-brain thinking. (Michael, J. Peter, J. 1999, p. 96) Marketing may be view from both business and

Concept of Wireless Networking-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Wireless Networking Concept. Answer: The radio frequency and the AC currents are basically the information stored in form of data (Song, Nuaymi Lagrange, 2016). If there is certain information and it has to be transferred to the larger distances and in all the direction the radio waves are used. Yagi antennas are used in television, and cannot be used for the long-range transmission and long frequency. It is used for using only one frequency. This antenna includes a reflector, single driven element and single or multiple directors. The Yagi antenna has a dipole for the main radiation of the diving element. Yagi, Horn and cellular antennas are the some of the antenna used for different purposes. Strength This antenna is responsible for lowering the strength of the signal for gaining the antenna frequency range. The antenna can ascend on vertical poles and on similar type of poles. It has a high gain allowing lower strength signals for receiving (Abdulhamid, 2017). This antenna is useful in the RF antenna design applicable that requires high gain and directivity. This helps in gaining the optimum reception and transmission conditions. Weaknesses There are some weaknesses of the Yagi antenna in the market. These weaknesses are described below: The antenna cannot gain high levels frequency. Fir achieving it, the antenna becomes very long.The limit of the gain for the Yagi antenna is around 20dB (Li et al., 2016).Yagi-Uda arrayor Yagi antenna is directional antenna it is used for the communication for the frequency, which is over 10 megahertz. Horn antenna The radio waves of the Horn antenna transmit or radiates the vacuum space and the antenna helps in transmitting structure of both impedance of tube and vacuum space is checked during transmission (Jariyatantiwait Yen, 2016). The data is converted into the radio frequency so that it can be transferred to the large distances and in all directions. The antenna is divided in five prototypes including exponential, sectorial, pyramid, corrugated and conical. The size of the horn is very crucial for sending and receiving the signals. Horn antenna as dipole antenna can minimize the loss of the energy around the edges of the reflector moreover it also minimize the unwanted signals (Dahiya Gill, 2016). Strength The horn antenna provides a better experience and efficient performance. The horn antenna gain up to 25dB. The antenna functions over a broad extent of frequencies and bandwidth. Microstrip antenna The microstrip antenna is used in the masses and us a lightweight material. It is very eas1y to install in the electronic device (Kitsos, 2016). This antenna can be used in the missile system, GPS, satellite connecting and mobile. Therefore, it is used in a wide range of products in the world. Advantages There are various advantages of the microstrip antenna in the market. The antenna has an easy install configuration and generation.It has a low cost budget for the customers.These antennas have a potential radiators system installed in it.The antenna is beneficial for both indirect and direct circular polarization effect.This antenna can be easily be collaborated with microwave incorporated circuits.The FDMA and CDMA are two basic type of wireless communication. The multiple access system is used in mobile system transmission. The infrastructure and design of FDMA (Frequency division multiple access) is separated into multiple frequency small bands or the sub frequency bands. The FDMA terminals includes frequency of its own. The signals of the FDMA technology is generated through the filer process in the frequency domain. FDMA Infrastructure and design is installed in frequency band that are separated in the multiple distinct small frequency bands and sub frequency bands. FDMA terminals Terminals of FDMA have its frequency that helps in maintaining the continuation fashion. Signal Prepare FDMA signals are generated by filtering the frequency domain. FDMA basic advantage FDMA is relatively simple, easy to install, configure, and full of elegance FDMA disadvantage: The frequency available through FDMA is not adequate and frequency is rigid in nature. Other features: FDMA is sometimes combined with SDMA, TDMA for better consequences. CDMA CDMA stands for Code Division Multiple Access that is major radio systems used in cell phones. The infrastructure and design of CDMA is the expansion of the spectrum by applying the orthogonal codes. The terminals of CDMA can be made active all at once. The signal is generated in CDMA is through the specially designs codes and receivers. The advantage of using CDMA is that it is easily adaptable in nature and can be easily installed with less planning. The disadvantage of using CDMA as users of CDMA increases the quality of the service decreases and it get self-jammed. CDMA infrastructure and design: CDMA is designed via expanding the spectrum by employing the orthogonal codes. CDMA terminals: All the associate CDMA terminals all at once can be made active in a continued fashion. CDMA signal generate: CDMA signals can be generated by specially designed codes and specially designed receivers. CDMA basic advantages: CDMA is easy adaptable in nature, requires less planning. CDMA disadvantages: The receivers are complex in nature and more complicated power control is necessary for the senders. Other features: CDMA is combined with the FDMA and TDMA can give better consequences though this combination procedure is little bit complicated. References Abdulhamid, M. F. (2017). Comparative analysis of distributed power control algorithms in CDMA.Radioelectronics and Communications Systems,60(6), 263-271. Brown, L. V., Zhao, K., Halas, N. J., Nordlander, P. J. (2016).U.S. Patent No. 9,372,151. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Dahiya, M., Gill, S. (2016). Secured Bluetooth Authentication Using Artificial Neural Networks.IJRCCT,5(5), 244-248. Jariyatantiwait, C., Yen, G. G. (2016). 5 by 5 Microstrip Antenna Array Design by Multiobjective Differential Evolution based on Fuzzy Performance Feedback.International Journal of Swarm Intelligence Research (IJSIR),7(4), 1-22. Kitsos, P. (Ed.). (2016).Security in RFID and sensor networks. CRC Press. Li, L., Li, J., He, B., Zhang, S., Zhang, A. (2016). A Compact Circularly Polarized Microstrip Antenna with Bandwidth Enhancement.Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters,61, 85-89.

Removal Act Of 1830 Essays - Cherokee Nation, United States

Removal Act Of 1830 Wallace Two distinct cultures existed on this Earth with the migration of man many thousands of years ago from Eurasia to the American continent. The people from the migration to the Americas had absolutely no contact with the people in Europe and Asia after they migrated. In fact, the two civilizations evolved in totally different manners, and at different speeds. The people in the Americas, or Native Americans existed mainly as hunter-gatherers using tools of bone, wood, and useful animal parts. Native Americans formed their beliefs into many different religions, and resided happily perhaps in buckskin wigwams or wooden longhouses. At the height of their civilization though, whites in Europe had their own religions and sociological issues and beliefs. The two cultures had evolved at different speeds, and in different directions. Civilization in Europe started centuries before civilization in the Americas began, leaving Europe with a massive head-start in key cultural areas; hence, a major cultural clash occurred when Columbus sailed the Ocean blue in fourteen hundred and ninety-two. The whites from Europe simply could not tolerate the Native Americans, or Indians, overall lack of civilization, as the Europeans described themselves. For hundreds of years, the two groups fought over land, religion, and other major components their separate lifestyles. Eventually, whites started coming over in large masses in the mid-eighteenth century when the riches of America enticed them to abandon their mother country and its growing problems of the American Revolution. The Europeans, or Americans (as opposed to Native Americans), and the Indians were fast approaching a do or die situation. The Indians were desperately trying to salvage what land they could keep from the white settlers, after all past attempts had more or less failed. On the other hand, the Americans were pushing the Indians as hard as they could to the Western half of North America ( North America being divided by the Mississippi). They wanted to settle the Eastern portion of their land without the Indians revolting, getting in the way with their religions, and stirring up the general racism that the majority of the white settlers possessed in that time period. Basically, the whites did not want the Indians to live among them or near them, and the Indians did not want to simply give up their land and move hundreds of miles away. In the late 1700s and early portion of the 1800s, the Americans practiced an unwritten removal policy, of unfairly acquiring Native American land, destroying Indian tribes, and forcing Natives to recede into the depths of the land they have lived upon for thousands of years. The Indians put up quite a resistance for a few hundred years, but the time had finally arrived when the whites were seriously thinking about passing a bill through their Congress that would demand that all Native Americans move on the Western side of the Mississippi River. For the Americans, inf luential scholars, military heroes, and religious leaders each had his own opinion on whether they had the right to pass a rather finalizing law on such a major issue. Congress passed the Indian Removal Act in 1830, which in short gives Americans the legal right to force Indians out of their present homes east of the Mississippi, onto a reservation west of the Mississippi. The margin of the Removal Acts victory in Congress was very narrow. Influential Americans such as Lewis Cass, Andrew Jackson, Theodore Frelinghuysen, John Forsyth, John Ross, and others expressed their opinions to the public and Congress before the passage of the Removal Act. Lewis Cass, Andrew Jackson, and John Forsyth were three of the pro-removal leaders who helped influence Congress to ratify Removal Act. Each of these famous influences in American colonization expressed his strong opinion based on experience with Americas unwritten removal policy and his engagements with the Indians to date. Lewis Cass was the governor and Superintendent of Indian Affairs of the Michigan Territory in the 1820s. As the foremost authority in the United States on the languages and cultures of the northern tribes, Cass argued that Indian emigration west of the Mississippi was morally necessary for Native Americans to survive and civilize without extreme pressure from Americans living near