IT Resources (Outsource or Insource) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

IT Resources (Outsource or Insource) - Essay Example Redistributing and Insourcing have benefits and bad marks undoubtedly. This paper quickly thinks about the benefits and bad marks of re-appropriating and insourcing. Re-appropriating encourages IT organizations to misuse the modest and proficient work market of the outside nations. For instance, India is a nation wherein parcel of IT experts are looking for occupations while America is a nation which scans for IT experts. As such, insourcing would be an exorbitant issue in America contrasted with re-appropriating. The IT work which may cost $ 10000 in America can be finished from India for around $ 5000. In short re-appropriating is savvy contrasted with insourcing. Tax breaks are another bit of leeway delighted in by the IT organizations most definitely. Re-appropriating employments were excluded from overwhelming expenses since it is finished in another nation. Redistributing expands the abilities of an IT organization undoubtedly. For instance, an organization can't take enormous volume of works or works past its ability in the event that it is carefully hold fast to insourcing. Then again, there is no restriction for an It organization for taking requests in the event that it settle on re-appropriating. Actually, programming engineers are the bigger portion of an IT association to the extent complete representatives of an IT association are concerned. Re-appropriating will assist an association with keeping just the necessary staff for all time and there is no requirement for that association to keep more creation staff even at slow times of year. Redistributing helps the IT organizations pay just for the administrations they get. At the end of the day, inefficient costs will be significantly decreased if an organization picks redistributing. Consequently, Operational control is more in insorcing than in redistributing. For instance, an IT organization can accelerate the creation forms in the event that it is going on in a similar nation though it is hard t o accelerate the creation forms in the event that it is going on in an outside nation. Correspondence issues may not be there if the creation forms are done locally though in redistributing correspondence issues between the outsourcer and outsourcee can happen. Expanded serious force is another bit of leeway of re-appropriating. â€Å"Outsourcing can give your business an upper hand as you will have the option to expand profitability in all the regions of your business† (The Advantages and Disadvantages of Outsourcing, 2009). Redistributing will help an IT association to attempt occupations past their aptitude. For instance, if a specific programming master isn't accessible with an IT association, it can settle on redistributing for completing that activity. Hence the association can take occupations even past the regions of its skill and in this way it can build its serious force. The chance of misuse of better innovations is another bit of leeway of redistributing. It isn't essential that IT capacities grew similarly in two unique nations. For instance, African nations are innovatively more fragile nations. It is feasible for these nations to get to better advances from different nations with the assistance of re-appropriating. Better administrative control is the significant favorable position of insourcing over re-appropriating. At the point when work is performed locally, the directors can guarantee that it meets all the prerequisites. Then again the directors will get the flavor of the completed item simply after the finish of the

Carl Linnaeus Essay Example for Free

Carl Linnaeus Essay Linnaeus Report Born in 1707 to a nation parson in Rashult, southern Sweden, the youthful Linnaeus indicated an unmistakable fascination for plants and blossoms and by the age of eight, was given the epithet ‘the little botanist’. Linnaeus considered medication, first at the University of Lund and afterward at the University of Uppsala. Medication right now depended on herbals so it implied he additionally contemplated plants. He imparted his energy for plants to Olaf Celsius whom he met at Uppsala. Linnaeus is most broadly known for making frameworks for naming and grouping plants and creatures. Understanding that new plants were being found quicker than their connections could be set up, he originally concocted a basic arrangement dependent on the quantity of flower portions of each plant. This framework stayed famous into the nineteenth century. Step by step Linnaeus likewise built up an arrangement of names in which every specie of plant and creature had a sort (class or gathering) name followed by a particular name. For example, Plantago virginica and Plantago lanceolataâ were the names of two species ofâ plantainâ (an herb). Botanists concurred in 1905 to acknowledge his Species plantarumâ (1753) and zoologists (researchers who study creatures) consented to acknowledge his Systema naturaeâ (1758) as the official beginning stages for logical names of plants and creatures. Heâ was one of the most persuasive researchers of his time. Hisâ theory of classication considered clear and simple portrayals of plants, creatures and minerals. So direct was his new naming framework, it is as yet utilized by researchers today.

Serotonin Syndrome Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

Serotonin Syndrome Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Bipolar Disorder Treatment Medications Print Serotonin Syndrome Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment By Marcia Purse Marcia Purse is a mental health writer and bipolar disorder advocate who brings strong research skills and personal experiences to her writing. Learn about our editorial policy Marcia Purse Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on January 11, 2020 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on February 18, 2020 GregorBister/Getty Images More in Bipolar Disorder Treatment Medications Symptoms Diagnosis In This Article Table of Contents Expand Causes Risk Factors Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment SSRI Discontinuation Syndrome View All Back To Top Serotonin syndrome is a potentially life-threatening condition thats caused by elevated serotonin concentrations in your system from certain medications. Serotonin is a chemical called a neurotransmitter that communicates with nerve cells and has a wide variety of functions throughout your body, primarily in your central nervous system and intestines. In the right amounts, serotonin is necessary, but when your body builds up too much and your levels get too high, symptoms can range from unpleasant to severe. If its left untreated, serotonin syndrome can potentially lead to death.?? Causes Serotonin syndrome, also known as serotonin toxicity, happens as the result of taking serotonergic drugs, medications that affect the level of serotonin in your body. It may be brought on by several different circumstances including:?? Taking one serotonergic medication: Its unlikely that using one serotonergic medication by itself will cause serotonin syndrome, but it can happen in certain people who are sensitive to serotonin, especially when the dose is increased.Overdosing: You can end up with serotonin syndrome if you ingest too much of your serotonergic medication(s), whether or not its purposeful.Taking two serotonergic medications together: The majority of cases involve a person taking two (or more) serotonergic drugs at the same time, often without realizing it. The medications that are most often associated with serotonin syndrome are antidepressants such as:?? Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) like Paxil (paroxetine), Prozac (fluoxetine), and Celexa (citalopram)Wellbutrin (bupropion), which is also used for smoking cessation under the brand name ZybanSerotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) like Cymbalta (duloxetine), Pristiq (desvenlafaxine), and Effexor (venlafaxine)Tricyclic antidepressants such as amitriptyline, Pamelor (nortriptyline), and Surmontil (trimipramine)Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) like Nardil (phenelzine) and Parnate (tranylcypromine) There are other medications that are also considered serotonergic drugs, though they may not be as well-known.?? Some examples of these include: Migraine medications called triptans such as Axert (almotriptan), Amerge (naratriptan), Imitrex (sumatriptan), and Maxalt (rizatriptan)??Anticonvulsants like Tegretol (carbamazepine) and Depakene (valproic acid), which are used for migraines, epilepsy, and bipolar disorderOpioid pain medications such as Ultram (tramadol), codeine (Tylenol with codeine), Demerol (meperidine), Talwin (pentazocine), and Oxycontin (oxycodone)5-HT3 receptor antagonists, which treat nausea, like Anzemet (dolasetron), granisetron, Zofran (ondansetron), and Aloxi (palonosetron)Reglan (metoclopramide), a prokinetic medication thats used to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), diabetes, and sometimes to treat nausea in chemotherapy patientsOver-the-Counter cough and cold medications that contain dextromethorphan like Childrens Robitussin Cough Long-Acting, Vicks DayQuil Cough, Vicks Formula 44 Custom Care Dry Cough, Zicam Cough MAX, and many others, including a combination cough and cold medications t hat have dextromethorphan in themErgot derivatives, including Ergomar (ergotamine) for migraines and Methergine (methylergonovine) for uterine bleeding after childbirthA muscle relaxant called Amrix (cyclobenzaprine)Buspirone, a medication thats prescribed for anxiety disorders Other substances and supplements that can contribute to serotonin syndrome include:?? St. Johns WortIllegal/illicit drugs such as cocaine, amphetamines, ecstasy, and LSDL-tryptophan, an over-the-counter amino acid supplement that people use to quit smoking, for mental health disorders, and to help athletic performanceLithobid (lithium), a mood stabilizer thats often used to treat bipolar disorder All of these drugs and substances affect serotonin in some way. Some block nerve receptors; some block reuptake; some slow the breakdown of serotonin; and some increase the release of serotonin. Because so many medications can contribute to serotonin syndrome, its essential that any doctors you see who prescribe you medication always know about all the over-the-counter and prescription medications and supplements youre currently taking. Risk Factors Your risk of developing serotonin syndrome goes up under these circumstances:?? You just started taking a serotonergic medication like one of those mentioned above or you had your dose increased. Some peoples bodies are naturally slower than others are at metabolizing serotonin, and this isnt something you or your doctor will know until you are on a drug that boosts serotonin. Most cases of serotonin syndrome start within 24 hours after starting or increasing a serotonergic medication and the majority of those start within six hours. Youre switching from an MAOI to another antidepressant or vice versa. Almost all antidepressants contain a warning that you should wait for at least two weeks, and sometimes more, when you switch antidepressant types. One of the main reasons for this is the danger that having both types of drugs in your system can lead to serotonin syndrome. Prozac (fluoxetine) in particular takes several weeks to be flushed out of your body.Youre taking more than one serotonergic medication, supplement, or substance at the same time. For instance, youre on Wellbutrin for depression and you take an Imitrex for a migraine or youre taking Zoloft (sertraline) and you treat a cold with DayQuil. Symptoms Symptoms of serotonin syndrome can be mild to severe indicating anything from a slight serotonin excess to a life-threatening syndrome. The most common symptoms include:?? Sudden jerky or shock-like movementsFlushing or palenessSlow or fast pulseFeverHeadacheAnxietyMuscle rigidityConfusionRestlessnessProfuse sweatingTremorDilated pupilsPoor coordinationRapid breathingIrregular heartbeatHigh blood pressureShivering If your condition becomes severe, it can turn into a life-threatening situation and may include signs like:High feverSudden swings in your blood pressure and/or pulseSeizuresLosing consciousness If you suspect you or a loved one is showing signs of serotonin syndrome, contact your doctor immediately. If your symptoms are getting worse or theyre severe, head to the emergency room, or call 911. Quick treatment is important because you can become seriously ill and your condition can become fatal the longer you go untreated. Diagnosis Because the symptoms are similar to many other issues, you wont be diagnosed with serotonin syndrome until every other possible diagnosis has been ruled out. This is mainly because serotonin syndrome has to be diagnosed purely on your symptoms, history, and your physical and neurological exam. Other conditions that you will likely have ruled out include:?? Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS), another drug-related disorder that has some of the same symptoms as serotonin syndrome but results from antipsychotics. The biggest difference is that serotonin syndrome generally comes on quickly after starting the trigger medication.Infections like meningitis and encephalitisAn overdose of a substance like cocaine.Withdrawal from alcohol or drugsIntoxicationReactions to other medications The tests you may have to rule these conditions out include: Blood tests such as a complete blood count (CBC), blood cultures to test for infection, and other blood tests that check your electrolytes, screen for drugs and alcohol, and check your kidney, thyroid, and liver functionUrine tests to screen for drugs and alcohol, as well as to look at your kidney functionComputed tomography (CT) scan of your brainElectrocardiogram (ECT) to check your heartLumbar puncture (spinal tap) to evaluate your spinal fluidChest X-ray Treatment Once youve been diagnosed with serotonin syndrome, the first line of treatment is to discontinue all serotonergic drugs.?? Benzodiazepines like Valium (diazepam) or Ativan (lorazepam) may be helpful to relieve any muscular symptoms, and you may need supportive treatment like oxygen and intravenous (IV) fluids and stabilization of vital signs. Drugs that specifically act against serotonin, called serotonin antagonists, can potentially be useful. For mild to moderate cases, your symptoms should subside within 24 to 72 hours once youve discontinued taking the serotonergic drug and you can expect to fully recover. If your symptoms are worrisome, your doctor may have you hospitalized until youre stabilized. In cases where youre exhibiting signs of severe serotonin syndrome, youll likely need to be hospitalized in the intensive care unit (ICU) until all your symptoms are gone. For high fever, you may need to be sedated and given a medication that keeps you still (paralytic) to avoid any more damage to your muscles. Youll also have a breathing tube and ventilator. SSRI Discontinuation Syndrome It should be noted that some of the same symptoms listed above may also occur when you abruptly stop taking an antidepressant or you taper it off too quickly, known as SSRI discontinuation syndrome. ??Agitation, headaches, shock-like sensations, poor coordination, chills, and impaired concentration are some of the characteristics common to both syndromes. Because of this risk, its vital that you never stop taking your antidepressant abruptly without discussing with your doctor.

College of Business Development Plan - 1113 Words

Development Plan One constant is change. Technologies change, processes change, research creates and promotes change (Aguinis, 2013). A need for constant change and improvement exists in any organization to remain competitive in the global environment. This need to remain current in teaching and supporting the teaching and research at the College of Business requires that employees invest in their personal development. To assist with this, the college of business not only provides funds for professional development supports ongoing development through the development plan. The objectives of this plan, the content, and the development activities of the development plan for the College of Business will now be discussed. Plan†¦show more content†¦A strategically sound organization such as the college of business will continually develop employees grooming individuals to advance within the organization (Aguinis, 2013). The plan seeks to prepare employees, noting potential to be found and developing the noted talent through trainings, advice, coaching, and other developmental methods (Aguinis, 2013). Beyond developing current skills, the plan will seek to foster new competencies that are applicable to future positions within the organization as well. Enrich Employee’s Work Experience The opportunity to expand and challenge oneself enriches the employment experience (Aguinis, 2013). The vision for the College of Business is: â€Å"We are in the business of building successful futures† (UCCS, 2013). This building of futures includes all stakeholders, not just students or faculty. The university does not always have funds to compensate employees with large merit rewards, but the college expends great effort to ensure employees feel valued and invested in. Content of Plan The College of Business offers several opportunities for employees to obtain professional and personal development through a variety of methods. One method is the use of SkillSoft trainings for required and optional online trainings programs. The SkillSoft program tracks trainings employees take along with gradesShow MoreRelatedBusiness Strategies For Sacramento Business College1103 Words   |  5 PagesOption 1: Restructuring Help Business strategies are an important part of running a company. By exploring potential options for long-term goals a firm can better plan for their future and remain competitive in their respective markets. This essay will explore the fifteen principal grand strategies and a few other business strategies in regards to how they may benefit Sacramento Business College (SBC) in its long-term success as a firm. 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With the philosophy and mission in mind, SUPERVALU developed a new, innovative business system integrating their core business functions that revolutionized business practices in their industry and boosted profits in an industry that was on the downturn in the late 90s. Continuing their strategic business practices, SUPERVALU merged with a rival organizationRead MoreEssay on Key Aspects of Training and Development1569 Words   |  7 PagesKey Aspects of Training and Development In this section I will be identifying the key aspects of training and development programme an explanation of how this is an importance to Southgate college. Training development Development involves helping an individual to realise his or her potential. This concerns general growth, and is not related specifically to the employees existing post. 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The paper plans to examine these issues. A system was produced particularly to suit private optional schools in Jordan with reference to the SERVQUAL show. The subsequent poll is expected to be conveyed to more than 200 un derstudies enlisted in a global capability program among tuition based schools in Jordan. Rex Whisman, (2009) the paper reasons that, in the mind boggling college domain, inside marking enables an establishment to beat interior

Themes, Motifs and Symbols for the Twelfth Night - 1858 Words

Themes, Motifs Symbols Themes Love as a Cause of Suffering Twelfth Night is a romantic comedy, and romantic love is the play’s main focus. Despite the fact that the play offers a happy ending, in which the various lovers find one another and achieve wedded bliss, Shakespeare shows that love can cause pain. Many of the characters seem to view love as a kind of curse, a feeling that attacks its victims suddenly and disruptively. Various characters claim to suffer painfully from being in love, or, rather, from the pangs of unrequited love. At one point, Orsino depicts love dolefully as an â€Å"appetite† that he wants to satisfy and cannot, at another point; he calls his desires â€Å"fell and cruel hounds†. Olivia more bluntly describes love as a†¦show more content†¦In the class system of Shakespeare’s time, a noblewoman would generally not sully her reputation by marrying a man of lower social status. Yet the atmosphere of the play may render Malvolio’s aspirations less unreasonable than they initi ally seem. The feast of Twelfth Night, from which the play takes its name, was a time when social hierarchies were turned upside down. That same spirit is alive in Illyria: indeed, Malvolio’s antagonist, Maria, is able to increase her social standing by marrying Sir Toby. But it seems that Maria’s success may be due to her willingness to accept and promote the anarchy that Sir Toby and the others embrace. This Twelfth Night spirit, then, seems to pass by Malvolio, who doesn’t wholeheartedly embrace the upending of order and decorum but rather wants to blur class lines for himself alone. Motifs Letters, Messages, and Tokens Twelfth Night features a great variety of messages sent from one character to another—sometimes as letters and other times in the form of tokens. Such messages are used both for purposes of communication and miscommunication—sometimes deliberate and sometimes accidental. Maria’s letter to Malvolio, which purports to be from Olivia, is a deliberate (and successful) attempt to trick the steward. Sir Andrew’s letter demanding a duel with Cesario, meanwhile, is meantShow MoreRelatedTwelfth Night- Literature Cape Unit !7125 Words   |  29 PagesTwelfth Night Criticism William Shakespeare and The Twelfth Night Known for his tragedies, comedies, sonnets and love stories, William Shakespeare is argued to be one of the best writers of his time. Throughout his plays, including The Twelfth Night, he uses disguise and deceit to fool the other characters to benefit another. Shakespeare was born in April of 1564 in the town Stratford-upon-Avon. 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The poet is assured that his existence is not a deception because he is â€Å"I† or the one who thinksRead MoreCeramics: Pottery and Clay17443 Words   |  70 Pagestemperatures , and thus more durable ware, it is likely that the very earliest ceramic work was too soft to have survived or perhaps too scarce to have been found. When studying the history of ceramics there are two separate but related themes to look for; The technology and the aesthetics. The technology develops in a fairly linear fashion and to a great extent is a measure of a cultures overall technical sophistication. At first, pots are made by hand with rolled coils and fired on the

Marketing Audits and Its Importance to an Organisation Free Essays

Marketing Audits and its importance to an organisation As of I am starting to write this essay, an historic and astonishing incident happened in US—Standard Poors first time downgraded American Federal Bonds form AAA to AA+. Look at the messed up world economic picture–US is suffering from recession without any better signs, Europe is struggling with debt crisis, only growth engine China is also slowing down. We are facing the greatest uncertainty ever experienced before, as for economic society, walking away from this desperate situation needs to review history and find appropriate tools, from an organisation’s point of view, one of the effective tools is to seek for effective and regular marketing audits to cope with rapidly changing economic environment. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Audits and Its Importance to an Organisation or any similar topic only for you Order Now Definition and Purposes of Marketing Audit The concept of marketing audit dated back to 1950s and evolved through application phase of 1960s, turbulent 1970s, growing period of 1980s and 1990s until now. The followings are several definitions of marketing audits: A comprehensive examination of an organisation’s marketing structure, programs and performance†Ã¢â‚¬â€-Peter Rix, Marketing-a practical approach â€Å"Systematic, critical, rigorous and unbiased study of efficiency of all marketing activities within an organisation extending to evaluation of each and every functional objective and their effective coordination†Ã¢â‚¬â€-Brian Monger, Marketing in black white â€Å"A periodic, comprehensive, systematic, and independent examination of the organisation’s marketing environment, internal marketing system and specific marketing activities†Ã¢â‚¬â€-Philip Kotler The purposes of marketing audit are to find marketing opportunities, locate marketing issues, seek right short term and long term solution, which ensure the implementation of marketing plans or the revision of unreasonable plans to improve an organisation’s overall marketing performance. Components of the Marketing Audit An effective and rounded marketing audit covers six components: 1/ Marketing Environment Audit Through auditing marketing environment in which it operates, an organisation could find if its marketing strategy is adapt to the marketing environment, and if any changes needed. The marketing environment consists of two subclasses, one is the macro environment which includes political/legal, economic, social/cultural and technological, and another one is industry and competitive environment. In short, PEST+C. 2/ Marketing Strategy Audit It mainly examine whether or not an organisation’s goals and objectives reflect market orientation, if the organisation takes right competition position, seizes market opportunities and allocates appropriate resources. 3/ Marketing Organisation Audit The marketing auditor needs to consider the decision-making ability of marketing organisation, as well as its ability of analysis, planning and execution. Other factors include its strain capacity to market, and its interaction with other function departments. 4/ Marketing Systems Audit It focuses on whether or not an organisation has well-established and effective systems for information gathering, planning and control. All these systems can be classified as internal systems, external systems, vertical and horizontal marketing systems. A vertical marketing system (VMS) is one in which the main members of a distribution channel—producer, wholesaler, and retailer—work together as a unified group in order to meet consumer needs. A horizontal marketing systems(HMS) means in which members at the same level in a channel of distribution band together in strategic alliances or joint ventures to exploit a new marketing opportunity. 5/ Marketing Productivity Audit A marketing organisation needs analyses on profits, cost-benefit, the audit covers performance examinations on sale-profit rates, costs of marketing, collection and inventory, etc. It also examines if there exists excessive cost expenditure and corresponding solutions on cost reduction. 6/ Marketing Function Audit Marketing function audit targets on marketing elements such as products, prices, places and promotions, as well as performance evaluation on marketing organisation, it consists of overall audit, sales audit, market investigation audit, and advertising audit. The auditors, through marketing function audit, may spot issues within marketing management and make relevant recommendations. Main Characteristics of the Marketing Audit Marketing Audit is a process of comprehensive, systematic and independent analysis and assessment of company’s marketing environment, objectives, strategies and activities to identify problem areas and operational strengths and weaknesses and recommends the courses of action to be taken to improve company’s overall marketing performance and make marketing strategies and plan more effective and result oriented. The main characteristics can be summarised as the followings, 1/ It should be comprehensive and broad in focus covering the entire marketing environment of the company. / It should be an objective exercise and independent of the managers directly involved in making the marketing decisions. 3/ It should be a systematic and orderly sequence of diagnostic steps as compared to an unstructured and random investigation. 4/ It should be carried out periodically. The marketing audit should be undertaken on a regular basis and not only when major problems arise. Main eleme nts to be included in a marketing audit The key elements of a marketing audit are: 1/ Marketing Mix For products it includes Product, Price, Place-distribution and Promotion For services it includes Product, Price, Place-distribution, Promotion, People, Processes and Physical Environment 2/ Product Life Cycle [pic] 3/ Competitive Advantage A competitive advantage is an advantage over competitors gained by offering consumers greater value, either by means of lower prices or by providing greater benefits and service that justifies higher prices. 4/ Internal and external assessment – SWOT – PEST The Marketing Audit Process and Participants likely to be involved The marketing audit process proceeds with the following steps, Firstly, setting up the audit objectives and scope, preparing relevant documentation, deciding time period for the audit. Secondly, gathering the data, conducting interviews and inquiries. Finally, preparing the audit report, presenting conclusions and providing relevant solutions. Bearing in mind, ‘the most valuable part if the marketing audit often lies not so much in the auditor’s specific recommendations but in the process that managers begin to go through to assimilate, debate, and develop their own concept of the needed marketing action. —The Marketing Audit Comes of Age by Philip Kotler, William T. Gregor and William H. Rodgers III The participants likely to be involved cover all stakeholders including management levels, ordinary staff, suppliers, dealers, customers even shareholders and communities the organisation located in. Who of these stakeholders and to what extent get involved in the aud it depend on the organisation’s specific requirements. Times when a marketing audit should be undertaken The marketing audits could be undertaken on conventional and unconventional bases, which means on one hand an organisation needs to conduct regular and periodic audit and examine whether or not it and its each function unit achieve setting goals and objectives, if any changes needed to its strategy, on the other hand, if an organisation’s internal departments or independent units are performing poorly, it should carry a thorough marketing audit to help them find reasons and improvement methods. Various forms of a marketing audit The marketing audit must be carried independently by an inside audit, onducted by a person or group inside the company but outside the operation being evaluated, or an outside audit conducted by a management consulting firm or practitioner. Why they are considered to be one of the most practical and profitable tools available to a marketer. The marketing audits cover all major marketing areas of a business, not just a few trouble spots. It assesses the marketing environment, marketing strategy, the marketing organisation, marketing systems, the marketing mix and marketing productivity and profitability. The audit is normally conducted by an objective and experienced outside party who is independent of the marketing department. The finding can come as a surprise, and sometimes as a shock, to management. Management then decides which actions make sense and how and when to implement them. The marketing audits prompt to make marketing strategy and plan properly, are beneficial for matching a business’ internal resources with external resources, realise better and profitable operating results. How to cite Marketing Audits and Its Importance to an Organisation, Papers

Marketing Audits and Its Importance to an Organisation Free Essays

Marketing Audits and its importance to an organisation As of I am starting to write this essay, an historic and astonishing incident happened in US—Standard Poors first time downgraded American Federal Bonds form AAA to AA+. Look at the messed up world economic picture–US is suffering from recession without any better signs, Europe is struggling with debt crisis, only growth engine China is also slowing down. We are facing the greatest uncertainty ever experienced before, as for economic society, walking away from this desperate situation needs to review history and find appropriate tools, from an organisation’s point of view, one of the effective tools is to seek for effective and regular marketing audits to cope with rapidly changing economic environment. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Audits and Its Importance to an Organisation or any similar topic only for you Order Now Definition and Purposes of Marketing Audit The concept of marketing audit dated back to 1950s and evolved through application phase of 1960s, turbulent 1970s, growing period of 1980s and 1990s until now. The followings are several definitions of marketing audits: A comprehensive examination of an organisation’s marketing structure, programs and performance†Ã¢â‚¬â€-Peter Rix, Marketing-a practical approach â€Å"Systematic, critical, rigorous and unbiased study of efficiency of all marketing activities within an organisation extending to evaluation of each and every functional objective and their effective coordination†Ã¢â‚¬â€-Brian Monger, Marketing in black white â€Å"A periodic, comprehensive, systematic, and independent examination of the organisation’s marketing environment, internal marketing system and specific marketing activities†Ã¢â‚¬â€-Philip Kotler The purposes of marketing audit are to find marketing opportunities, locate marketing issues, seek right short term and long term solution, which ensure the implementation of marketing plans or the revision of unreasonable plans to improve an organisation’s overall marketing performance. Components of the Marketing Audit An effective and rounded marketing audit covers six components: 1/ Marketing Environment Audit Through auditing marketing environment in which it operates, an organisation could find if its marketing strategy is adapt to the marketing environment, and if any changes needed. The marketing environment consists of two subclasses, one is the macro environment which includes political/legal, economic, social/cultural and technological, and another one is industry and competitive environment. In short, PEST+C. 2/ Marketing Strategy Audit It mainly examine whether or not an organisation’s goals and objectives reflect market orientation, if the organisation takes right competition position, seizes market opportunities and allocates appropriate resources. 3/ Marketing Organisation Audit The marketing auditor needs to consider the decision-making ability of marketing organisation, as well as its ability of analysis, planning and execution. Other factors include its strain capacity to market, and its interaction with other function departments. 4/ Marketing Systems Audit It focuses on whether or not an organisation has well-established and effective systems for information gathering, planning and control. All these systems can be classified as internal systems, external systems, vertical and horizontal marketing systems. A vertical marketing system (VMS) is one in which the main members of a distribution channel—producer, wholesaler, and retailer—work together as a unified group in order to meet consumer needs. A horizontal marketing systems(HMS) means in which members at the same level in a channel of distribution band together in strategic alliances or joint ventures to exploit a new marketing opportunity. 5/ Marketing Productivity Audit A marketing organisation needs analyses on profits, cost-benefit, the audit covers performance examinations on sale-profit rates, costs of marketing, collection and inventory, etc. It also examines if there exists excessive cost expenditure and corresponding solutions on cost reduction. 6/ Marketing Function Audit Marketing function audit targets on marketing elements such as products, prices, places and promotions, as well as performance evaluation on marketing organisation, it consists of overall audit, sales audit, market investigation audit, and advertising audit. The auditors, through marketing function audit, may spot issues within marketing management and make relevant recommendations. Main Characteristics of the Marketing Audit Marketing Audit is a process of comprehensive, systematic and independent analysis and assessment of company’s marketing environment, objectives, strategies and activities to identify problem areas and operational strengths and weaknesses and recommends the courses of action to be taken to improve company’s overall marketing performance and make marketing strategies and plan more effective and result oriented. The main characteristics can be summarised as the followings, 1/ It should be comprehensive and broad in focus covering the entire marketing environment of the company. / It should be an objective exercise and independent of the managers directly involved in making the marketing decisions. 3/ It should be a systematic and orderly sequence of diagnostic steps as compared to an unstructured and random investigation. 4/ It should be carried out periodically. The marketing audit should be undertaken on a regular basis and not only when major problems arise. Main eleme nts to be included in a marketing audit The key elements of a marketing audit are: 1/ Marketing Mix For products it includes Product, Price, Place-distribution and Promotion For services it includes Product, Price, Place-distribution, Promotion, People, Processes and Physical Environment 2/ Product Life Cycle [pic] 3/ Competitive Advantage A competitive advantage is an advantage over competitors gained by offering consumers greater value, either by means of lower prices or by providing greater benefits and service that justifies higher prices. 4/ Internal and external assessment – SWOT – PEST The Marketing Audit Process and Participants likely to be involved The marketing audit process proceeds with the following steps, Firstly, setting up the audit objectives and scope, preparing relevant documentation, deciding time period for the audit. Secondly, gathering the data, conducting interviews and inquiries. Finally, preparing the audit report, presenting conclusions and providing relevant solutions. Bearing in mind, ‘the most valuable part if the marketing audit often lies not so much in the auditor’s specific recommendations but in the process that managers begin to go through to assimilate, debate, and develop their own concept of the needed marketing action. —The Marketing Audit Comes of Age by Philip Kotler, William T. Gregor and William H. Rodgers III The participants likely to be involved cover all stakeholders including management levels, ordinary staff, suppliers, dealers, customers even shareholders and communities the organisation located in. Who of these stakeholders and to what extent get involved in the aud it depend on the organisation’s specific requirements. Times when a marketing audit should be undertaken The marketing audits could be undertaken on conventional and unconventional bases, which means on one hand an organisation needs to conduct regular and periodic audit and examine whether or not it and its each function unit achieve setting goals and objectives, if any changes needed to its strategy, on the other hand, if an organisation’s internal departments or independent units are performing poorly, it should carry a thorough marketing audit to help them find reasons and improvement methods. Various forms of a marketing audit The marketing audit must be carried independently by an inside audit, onducted by a person or group inside the company but outside the operation being evaluated, or an outside audit conducted by a management consulting firm or practitioner. Why they are considered to be one of the most practical and profitable tools available to a marketer. The marketing audits cover all major marketing areas of a business, not just a few trouble spots. It assesses the marketing environment, marketing strategy, the marketing organisation, marketing systems, the marketing mix and marketing productivity and profitability. The audit is normally conducted by an objective and experienced outside party who is independent of the marketing department. The finding can come as a surprise, and sometimes as a shock, to management. Management then decides which actions make sense and how and when to implement them. The marketing audits prompt to make marketing strategy and plan properly, are beneficial for matching a business’ internal resources with external resources, realise better and profitable operating results. How to cite Marketing Audits and Its Importance to an Organisation, Papers

My Goals for the Future free essay sample

Every human being has goals and dreams they want to accomplish in the future. Goals give purpose to our life and their achievement gives us a sense of satisfaction and success. I feel that traveling with my family and being happy with what I choose to do are my two goals. First, traveling with my family is one of my goals. Traveling provides opportunities for fun, adventure and discovery. It also enriches our life and increases our knowledge and widens our perspective. Traveling not only provides us marvelous insights but it is also a joyful thing to experience with those we love. I have always been interested in visiting foreign places, meeting people of different backgrounds and learning their varying perspectives. Giving my family a wonderful traveling experience far outweighs the benefits of buying presents for them. Goods have limited life span whereas memories and knowledge last forever. Second, a more long-term goal I have is to be happy regardless of what I choose to do. We will write a custom essay sample on My Goals for the Future or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I want to be satisfied with my decisions, to be able to accept and forgive, and most of all to be able to live up to the expectations I have for myself. From a young age, I have always been a determined and driven person for everything that I set out to do. I want to do something that can make a difference in someone? s life. For example, I could be involved in charity work in which I could be able to help people who are in need. In addition, when I feel happy and satisfied with what I do, such as, pursuit of knowledge or helping others, I will approach life with a great enthusiasm. To conclude, my two major goals is traveling with my family and being happy with what I do. Achieveing these goasl will help me increase my positive attitude towards life and my happiness permanently.

Infectious Disease Research Paper Anthrax free essay sample

Typically spread from humans to livestock and can be transmitted via air, soil, animal hides, and food. The dormant spores of Anthrax can live in soil and animal products, such as hides (leather) for years and it is not easy to kill by heat or cold. Once spores are eaten by livestock, they are activated very quickly, and the bacteria then reproduces. The animal typically dies and the bacteria is returned to the soil and water as spores. Diagnosis typically requires the element of suspicion for a physician to diagnose anthrax. Diagnosis begins with culturing the bacterium and performing a gram stain. A motility test and the lack of hemolysis on blood agar can also be used to diagnose anthrax. The main virulence factors are it’s polypeptide capsule and what is referred to as a tripartite toxin which is composed of three separate proteins. One protein is called edema factor the second protein is protective antigen, and the third is lethal factor which causes massive inflammation and shock. We will write a custom essay sample on Infectious Disease Research Paper Anthrax or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page There is a vaccine that contains live spores and a toxoid prepared from a special strain of B anthracis used to protect livestock in areas of high anthrax cases. There is also a purified toxoid that is recommended for humans that have frequent contact with livestock or animal products that could potentially carry the bacteria. The preferred treatment for anthrax is antibiotics such as penicillin, doxycycline, or ciproflaxin. Anthrax has become one of the popular choices for use as a biological warfare agent. Reasons for this would be because the spores of Bacillus anthracis can remain dangerous for many decades. Other than the use of anthrax in bioterrorism, the occurrence of anthrax is rare and occurs most frequently in developing countries with high agriculture concentration and without veterinary public health programs. Works Cited Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Health and Human

Improvement in Race Relations essays

Improvement in Race Relations essays Race relations in the United States are much better now than they were when Toni Morrison wrote A Slow Walk of Trees 25 years ago. The United States prides itself in being considered the most diverse country in the planet. Living in Los Angeles, California, one of the biggest metropolitan cities in our country, I have the opportunity of seeing different races every day. Our cultural melting pot of a country has evolved so much from the mid-1970s, that interracial marriages, minority executives, celebrities and athletes are all now commonplace in our society. It is also not unheard of to see many minorities living in prominent neighborhoods.. There are still many racial stereotypes in our country. Some people, many of which are Caucasian, are still alienated when seeing a group of young African-American or Latino males. African-American and Latino minorities are still being pulled over by police officers for no particular reason, other than looking suspicious. Racial stereotypes are a result of many instances. One major cause of racial stereotypes in the African-American community is rap music. Rap artists such as Kurupt, Snoop Doggy Dogg, Nas, DMX, Master P and the late Christopher Wallace (Notorious B.I.G) often use lyrics riddled with incidents such as the dealing and use of narcotics, promiscuity, robbery and homicide. The large exposure of rap music, currently the number one selling music genre in our country, gives many people the impression that the majority of black people live that same exact dangerous lifestyle often glamorized by irresponsible rap artists. However, there are rap artists such as Talib Kweli, Mos Def, Outkast, The Roots, and Common Sense that write lyrics about the lack of racial unity in our country, oppression, and the disagreement of the rap style of the rappers who project criminal personalities. ...

In terms of child protection critically examine the policy Essay

In terms of child protection critically examine the policy developments that have been introduced to facilitate collaboration of - Essay Example 2006, p.67). On the other hand, Mattessich and Monsey defined collaboration as ‘a mutually beneficial and well-designed relationship entered into by two or more individuals or organizations to achieve common goals’ (Mattessich and Monsey, in Raspa et al. 2000, p.23). Moreover, Hamric et al. (2005) explained that collaboration is ‘a dynamic process which focuses on the sharing of goals, values and commitment’ (Hamric et al. 2005, p.91), while Haussler (2006) highlights the voluntary character of collaboration as an activity developed in the context of social relationships or of commercial partnerships. Current paper is based on collaboration as defined by Hamric et al. (2005) – which emphasizes on the necessity of shared values and commitment – for explaining and evaluating the child protection initiatives in England and Wales, especially regarding the level at which these initiatives have managed to facilitate the collaboration among relevant b odies in England and Wales. 2. ... tive text on which the protection of children in UK is based is the Children and Young Persons Act 1933; the above law is used jointly with the main law on child protection in England and Wales, the Children Act 1989 – as updated through the Children Act 2004. The above law establishes the principle of the parental responsibility (section 3) for the protection of the child but also the right of the Court to intervene and make an Order – if necessary – for ensuring the protection of the child (section 1). Moreover, the power of local authorities to intervene and take measures for the protection of the child is clearly defined (section 47, NSPCC, 2011). In Children Act 2004 (section 10) ‘a duty has been set for agencies to cooperate in order to improve the well being of children’ (Children Act 2004, Surrey community). The above legislative text is followed by two guidance texts (published in 1991), which establish the cooperation among the agencies for increasing the protection provided to children; furthermore, guidelines are given for assessing the needs of children within their families; the first of the above guidelines, under the title ‘Working together to safeguard children: a guide to inter-agency working to safeguard and promote the welfare of children’ (DCSF 2010 in NSPCC fact sheet, 2010, p.2), is of key importance, setting the framework of the collaboration among agencies operating in the particular sector. Other legislative texts have been published, after the Children Act 2004, aiming to address specific needs of children: for example, the Children and Adoption Act 2006, the Children and Young Persons Act 2008, the Sexual Offences Act 2003 and Domestic Violence, Crime and Victims Act 2004 (NSPCC fact sheet, 2010, p.5-7). The key agencies

How the media portrays African American women and african american Research Paper

How the media portrays African American women and african american families - Research Paper Example Actually, the problem of women rights can not be regarded as newly appeared. All women from different parts of the planet fought for their rights that should be equal to those gained by men. Of course, there is no need to mention those people who devoted their lives to fighting for the rights of black people. It is almost unbelievable that the Declaration of Independence by Thomas Jefferson that claimed for the rights of every citizen to be observed, technically served only the white citizens’ interests. Thus, being a nation of the nations, the USA turned to be unable to provide all the citizens with equal rights. And since the very start of the US history, black people were fighting at first for their freedom and then - for their rights. The attitude and public perception of black women still deserves speaking about. Living in a civilized society, where human rights must be observed and cherished, it is hard to believe that some people still suffer from intolerant treating an d have their right violated. Very few of us really pay our precious attention to the problem of stereotypical depiction of black people by contemporary mass media. Still, it does not mean that such problem doe not exist at all. It is an undeniable fact that every nation, every ethnic group are viewed through the prism of a set of social stereotypes that not always and, frankly speaking, almost never prove to be true. Black women are a special category which is very often becomes exploited by mass media in its own interests. The question of a famous journalist Jake Snow is very topical and sounds anxious, - â€Å"Think about how often you see an African-American woman being portrayed on the screen as brave, intelligent, and strong or playing a leadership role?†( Snow 2009). Maybe some of us would say we don’t have to focus our attention on such trifles and this problem is not very serious, but, nonetheless, it doesn’t become less abusive and humiliating. The very fact of arousing this issue is quite outspoken – if people talk about that, it means something is not OK here. Let’s recollect Mammy from a famous Hollywood movie â€Å"Gone by the Wind†. It is almost impossible to forget her awful manners, her constant grumbling and crudeness. Though it is hard to disagree that her character was a complete embodiment of positive and life-asserting values, the mass media has caught this stereotypic portraying immediately and proceeds exploiting it nowadays. Even when we take a look at her we see a big, overweight woman, and that does not correspond to our ideal of beauty. Mammy is an uneducated woman who is loyal to her masters, but still she is a slave. Though slavery has gone long ago, the image of Mammy remained unchanged, and such portraying of the black women, if put it mildly, lack tactfulness and respect. â€Å"The stereotypical woman being portrayed by the media is shallow, weak, unintelligent, and incapable of making decisions on her own, untrustworthy, materialistic, and promiscuous† (Snow, 2009). The black women are suppose to be narrow-minded, always unsatisfied with their own lives, they are rarely portrayed as successful business women, learned professors or simply reserved and well-educated member of society. Black big â€Å"mammies† are to provide the white people with comfort raise children and take care of them, but they are, as it was

Best Fit and Best Practice in HRM

Best Fit and Best Practice in HRM Today, many organizations are facing an increasingly competitive and hastily changing environment illustrated by various labor market, deregulation, globalization, improved information technologies, uninterrupted labor markets among other factors. For success in its operations, a company/firm should improve its performance through reduction of its operation costs, creation of new processes and products, increasing quality, productivity and speed market. Consequently, organizations have to center on their workforces capabilities. If a firm manages its human resources effectively, it will be able to generate and enhance commitment, synergy and motivation that will to a sustained competitive advantage. Studies have shown that human resource management is one of the avenues that an organization can use to shape her employees behavior and attitude. Human resource management practices form forums that ensure employees get highly involved in the activities of the organization and work hard to achieve her goals. The manner in which an organization manages her human resource institutes the conditions and tone that will govern the relationship between employers and employees. There are many ways of defining human resource management (HRM) practices. Bowman Swart (2007) looks at it as organizational activities directed at managing the pool of human resources and ensuring that they are directed towards fulfilling the goals of the organization. It has also been looked at as a set of internally consistent policies and practices that are developed and upon implementation, they will guarantee that the human capital of an organization add to the achievement of its business objectives. The approach to definition of human resource management practices may vary slightly but the bottom line of it all is organizing and managing the man power i n an organization. The connections between a firms performance and its human resource management practices are based on two approaches namely best fit (contingency) and best practice (universal) approaches. In best practice, a set of HRM practices are argued to be associated with improved firm performance in all types of organization and by allusion for al types of employees (Nahapiet Ghoshal, 1998). Conversely, the best fit approach argues that performance of a firm is maximized if the human resources policies are constant with the firms business strategies. Both the best fit and the best practice have an assumption that human resource policies take on will be implemented and as projected and have the same consequence on all employees that work in the firm. Researches on human resource management however show that that there is no consensus on which human resource management approach is looked at as suitable. Notwithstanding the inconsistence in both the best fit and best practice approaches, there is a momentous effect of human resource management practices on attitudes and behavior of employees based on the idea of social change. Studies reveal that employees of an organization infer organizational actions like human resource practices as indicators of how much an organization is committed to their welfare (Abraham et al., 2001). In response, the employees counter this gesture through improving their obligation to the organization. Particularly if the human resource practices of the an organization are professed as supportive, the employees will take it as their employer being committed to them through concern and high level of care , consequently they will work hard to and get very much engaged in the organization expressing their enthusiasm in hard work to achieve the goals of the organization. MANAGEMENT 4 The concepts of best fit and best practice are applied in strategic human resource management to the particular policy section of reward structures. Each of the approaches endeavors to explain the manner in which human resource policies generally and reward policies particularly can lead to better organizational efficiency (Zupan KaÃ… ¡e, 2007). Organizations can wok within the framework both the best fit and best practice. I agree with the best fit that suggests that a close alignment between organizational strategy and different systems that it employs like the rewards will go along way in improving the efficiency of the organization. The idea that pay should be linked strategy is not new but it got momentum from scholars in the 1990 talking about its merits as the â€Å"new pay†. It is evident tat all organizational systems have to start with a business strategy to achieve the goals it has set, failure to which it may face difficulties to carry on its operations. This is b ecause the strategy will clarify what the organization wants to achieve over a specified period of time. It will also set the conditions on the manner in which the organization will behave to achieve them; this means that the organization sets cope of standards on the way it is run (Boxall Purcell, 2008). Additionally the strategy will express the types of performance and the levels of performance it wants to employ to run in a organized and effective way. This is as a result of business strategy, organizational behavior and diving individuals being the benchmark for the reward strategy development. The contingent nature of a reward system should not be looked at as a set of compensation practices at all. Nonetheless, it should be treated as one way of thinking about role of a reward system in a complex organization setting. This goes against an assumption that is often made to mean that certain best practices have to be incorporated into an organizations  approach to pay (Simons, 2002). Having looked at best fit, the attention now is on best practice. This premise has been popular in human resource management over the last decade. Studies show that this model otherwise known as high commitment was initially stimulated by work of some United States of America academics, although it was recently developed by those in Britain (KaÃ… ¡e et al., 2009). Although both the models of best fit and best practice are assumed to be complimentary, the later is arguably seen as not having an element of discussion on the organizations strategy at all. Its fundamental benchmark is that all organizations who adopt the best practice strategy will attract super human resources, competencies and talent. According to the views of its proponents, the super human resources available has an effect of influencing the strategy that an organization adopts hence acting as the source of its viable advantage. Consequently for this approach, the organizations policy precedes its strategy. Coff (1997) asserts that there are mutually compatible bundles of human resource policies that sustain high standards of motivation of employees and also their commitment that has a positive impact on the performance of the organization. This is the approach that advocates of best practice say it stands for. However, there is no common ground on which these practices are, on a general scale they are composed of: extensive training, selective hiring, and structure to encourage employees participation, employment security and pay policies which lead in relation to industry competitors (Lengnick-Hall Lengnick-Hall, 2003). There is apparent point of disagreement between in the sector of pay linked to performance appraisal. Researchers have criticized merit pay in a number of ways as: there is subjectivity and unpredictability that reward political skills instead of performance, there is no concern for performance of the organization, it encourages short term focus, there is an emphasis on the individual success that undermines teamwork and lastly there is a tendency of such like a system to create fear at work place. Those who support either side of the human resource management approaches argue that both approaches, hest fit and best practice, will help an organization to achieve its goals and objectives. There are several ways that an organization employs when it comes to organizing its human resources that will help it achieve what it was set up for. The methods of achieving the objectives are: attracting and retaining employees, motivating the performance of employees, promotion of skills and culture in an organization, contribution to corporate culture of an organization among other things There are differences in which the two approaches handle attracting and retaining employees. The capability of an organizations reward systems in attracting and retaining its employees is of cardinal concern to many organizations (Cullinane Dundon, 2006). During economic expansions, times when the labor markets are tight and organizations are struggling to fill vacancies at the same time trying very to ho ld on to hold on to their qualified employees, this becomes a very crucial issue. This also happens during recessions as organizations sometimes become keen on getting the services of qualified employees. To cope with this, the best fit approach boasts of the composition of its reward package attracting many and various kinds of applicants. This argument holds water because drawing example, an organization offering a straight base salary and no chance for incentive earnings, naturally attracts and retains quite different individuals that as compared to one that gives big amounts of incentive pay. Organizations rewarding their employees with different performance related pay incentives have increased chances of attracting employees who are more problem solving and entrepreneurial compared to those offering a base salary. The best fit proponents basically assume that it is in organizations where good performance is recognized and rewarded that good performers tend to seek or employment. This is a correct observation because skilled personnel will take pleasure in working where they will be appreciated as good performers. Systems have a way of identifying poor and a good performer as not all employees turn over is harmful to performance of an organization. To this effect, a reward system has to promote the retention of good performers at the same time aiding the decision of poor performers leaving the organization. According to Dowling Welch (2006), there is also an emphasis on the importance of external competitiveness of an organization for attraction and retention of employees. According to best fit advocates, for effectiveness, a reward system must distribute rewards such that the most valuable employees of the organization will feel contended while relating their rewards with those of individuals performing same jobs in organizations of the same nature as theirs. However caution must be taken here because some studies have shown that in some organizations, it is more cost effective in keeping the wages low and accepting high employee turnover, particularly if the cost of replacing them is low as it is the in unskilled labor. Despite the fact labor markets are far from being perfectly efficient, it is evident that there is some relationship between the quality of a work force and organization attracts and how it pays its employees. This is quite true and it is convincing for the best fit a pproach as it gives the facts on the behavior of employees and pay. Looking in the manner in which the best practice deals with attracting and retaining the employees, it emphasizes on employees that will assist an organization in gaining and sustaining competitive advantage. It achieves this through externally competitive pay levels. According to this however, a combination of a number of a number policies that are interrelated are responsible for highly qualified individuals apply and remain in an organization. The recruiting procedures which provide a huge pool of qualified applicants, coupled with a dependable and valid routine has a significant influence on the quality and type of skills the new employees will have. The thorough process of selecting employees will make the selected candidates feel that they are joining privileged organization with elevated prospects. The best practice approach advocates for positively value low turnover with no cautions whatsoever as opposed to the best fit approach. This happens so as other related procedures a nd policies make sure that the employees chosen are the right ones for the job and are taken in at first instance (Galpin Skinner, 2004). The best practice takes into consideration todays global business employment to be of key importance in attraction and retention of employees as opposed to the other approach which that claims that employment security does not reflect the realities of todays competitive global business. This is due to employees being unlikely to make suggestions to increase the productivity whenever they fear that it will make them loose their job. Researchers assert that the cardinal concern in the design of a reward system is the plan works in employee motivation. There are various theories of employee motivation and there is no one particular that has been accepted universally. The different theories that exist handle different types of reward systems. The best fit approach believes that the payment system of an organization should reflect individual employee contributions (Fitz-Enz, 1993). Employees may at times cut down their efforts to look for employment in highly paying jobs in other organizations due to dissatisfaction originate from negative inequity and some other consequences. It is observed that highly dissatisfied companies are more strongly attracted towards an external market orientation. On the other hand, organizations that are based on a single industry or technology will naturally find themselves much calm with an internal-equity basis. Both types of inequity in an organization have serious consequence for an organization but the implications for external equity like absenteeism and turnover are more rigorous for a particular organization and should be given chief consideration (Lepak Snell, 199). This is clear evidence that the best fit approach in human resource practice has support for the contribution principle. It therefore has an implication that employees who remarkably contribute to the success of an organization ought to be able to compare themselves with significant others form both outside and inside the organization and still get contented with the pay they get. The best fit practice for that matter looks at it as an obligation of the design to promote development and make use of employee inputs that will promote the organization. The best fit approach also makes use of expectancy theory of behavior. The theory utters that individuals make choices depending on some factors like: there expectancy that th ere efforts will make them achieve certain standard of performance, believing that their performance will result significant upshots and the scale of value they place on those upshots (Intagliata, et al., 2004). It is line with best fit thinking as it gives a design framework for each element of a reward system to utilize to its best advantage. The best practice advocates depend on the content theories of motivation as the foundation of their system of reward. It is apparent that factors that get drawn in to produce job satisfaction and motivation are different from those ones that lead to job dissatisfaction. Motivators are the source of job satisfaction and are intrinsic to the particular encompassing recognition for the achievement, the work itself, responsibility and advancement or growth. The potential source of job dissatisfaction is extrinsic and is made up hygiene factors like salaries. The approach does not advocate for incentives for as it results to spiralling of wages and employees who search for the next pay increase. Research has shown that firms block the development of some behavior that front competitive advantage by picking on incentives. Looking at the above discussion, it is apparent the both the best fit and best practice approaches as employed in human resource management practices are all directed towards ensuring that an organization achieves its goals and objectives through organizing its strategies and man power. Through striking a balance between the contingent and universal approach, an ideal or more comprehensive model can be developed by looking at their limit ations and merits. The value of the universal (best practice) framework depends in the demonstration of the strategic significance of human resource management. High rates of significance in their tests were achieved by its proponents but it has limitations in both its methodological and theoretical domain. There is compatibility between the two approaches as the contingency approach comes in handy here to complement the universal model encompassing the external relationships

Living in the Country

Living in the country has always been considered the healthiest and most relaxing choice one can make. The beauty of the land, open and friendly neighbours, genuine relationships, the tranquil pace of country life are some of the most attractive images that come to people?s minds when they feel tired of the pressures of city life. However, the dreams of moving away to a distant and quiet farm house are many times abandoned, especially by young people, when they come to think about the lack of opportunities that there are in the country. In fact, many young people feel they can not grow as professionals if they choose a quiet life style in the country, due to the poor quality of education and the lack of employment opportunities. The poor quality of education in the countryside can be perceived when one travels along rural roads and sees a few scattered primary schools, hidden among the mountains or in the woods. Children attend those schools only if it is not raining, and they travel long distances on horseback, or even on foot to reach the institution. Since the number of students is not enough to employ an English teacher, a Music teacher, a Sports teacher or a Computing teacher, those subjects are not taught, so children have no additional lessons. Finally, another factor that makes education reach very low quality standards is the fact that in many places there is no electricity, so it is imposible to imagine children from rural areas connected to the Internet, or having the possibility of watching a video or listening to music. To conclude, children from rural areas are not expected to develop their full potential due to the poor quality standard of education. Once young students finish primary school, and some priviledged adolescents can complete secundary education, they have to think about university or work. University is left only to the priviledged students who can afford to move to the city to continue their studies. The rest of the young population have to think about getting a job. And here comes another drawback of living in the country: as regards employment opportunities, there is a narrow range of jobs available for young people, and they are usually badly paid. Young people have to select among venturing into neighbouring towns, working at one of the relatively few jobs available nearby, or working on their own business. Since they have not been properly prepared at school, and employment opportunities are scarce, the joung rural population have relatively few opportunities to grow economically. Many people put forward many good reasons to live in the country and they are right. First, living in the country is safer than living in big cities, since there are less crimes. Second, it is also healthier because there is no pollution and no loud noises. Third, the pace of living in the country is quieter so sountry people’s lifespans are longer. Finally, many people argue that roads and means of communication have improved a lot in the last decades, so today living far away from the city is not so hard. However, for young people who are still trying to find their way to grow professionaly in order to gain economic stability, the city offers much more educational and economic opportunities than the stillness of the countryside.

Admission to the USC Undergraduate Program

I am a keen jet skier and having obtained a degree of proficiency in this highly exciting sport. The bracing sea breeze and the refreshing spray, which play against the skier, are some of the major attractions of this sport. Moreover, this sport has to refresh and rejuvenate its practitioner. This sport taught me the importance of concentrating on what we do. It also taught me prudence and helped me to achieve a calm mind.I decided to interact more with the world that I live in. Hence, I started to study the various changes taking place in the world. In this study, I came to realize that the multinational corporations had brought about the process of globalization. This process was affecting the whole world and even the US and the European Union had come under its influence.Some of the Asian countries like India and China have been showing extraordinary growth in their economies. These economies were developing at a greater pace than that of any other country. I wanted to participate in these astonishing developments. In order to do so, I made several enquiries and went through the syllabus offered by a number of colleges. My intention was to obtain a thorough knowledge regarding globalization and the economic success of some of the Asian countries.In the course of my search, I found out about the University of Southern California, which had been founded in 1880. This university is a private university, which is the best for research. It has several campuses that are famous their academic excellence (About USC).However, in addition to academic excellence, it also promotes community service programs. This work has been praised widely and its alumni are famous, not only for their academic excellence but also for their contribution to society. Its financial independence ensures that it remains unaffected by governmental policies and political interference (About USC). These facts made me very much interested in pursuing an MBA program in this university.Newton Par tMy parents left Armenia in the 1970’s, whilst it was under Soviet Rule. Their new home in the US was very hospitable to them. However, they could not attend college, because of their financial commitments. Most of their waking hours were spent in earning sufficient money to meet their expenses.They were always aware of this drawback in their life. As a result, they used to tell me repeatedly, to take my studies seriously. My performance at school was slightly above average. Therefore, I obtained an average high school diploma. My parents were very disappointed with my mediocre performance in school. They told me that I had to improve my performance.One day, while alone with my thoughts, I started thinking about what had happened to my performance in school. I am very good at logical analysis. Therefore, I thought for a long time and realized that if I did not study with greater diligence, I would end up like my parents. The choice before me was to either work hard at my stud ies or get a very good job or to obtain an ordinary degree and work very hard for the rest of my life, for poor wages. This was a very thought, so I decided to become a very good student in college.On another occasion, during this period, I came across a spider attempting to spin a web. It would try to attach a strand, which would break off. Nevertheless, the spider did not stop its efforts; it patiently and with the same amount of effort, made another attempt. Finally, it succeeded in its hard work. Like Robert Bruce of England, I too realized the value of perseverance. I understood that even if some topic in my studies was difficult to understand, I should keep on trying to understand it.There was another factor that had a strong influence on my attitude towards life. I have a cousin named, Haroutoun Aharonian. He was very good at studies in high school and college. After that he pursued a graduate program in the University of Southern California. He became very good at analyzing stock markets, due to the MBA program that he attended in the University of Southern California’s   Marshall School of Business. One of the largest stock broking firms in Los Angeles has appointed him to a very important post, in their company. The sole reason for this success was the very good teaching standard of that college. This incident taught me that I had to work hard and develop an interest in my chosen field of study. On studying his success story, I decided to follow in his footsteps, and apply for the MBA program in the Marshall School of Business.I want to become an expert in Finance and Business Economics and this school imparts the necessary training and knowledge to achieve this goal. I would also like to keep the choice of joining the Bachelor’s of Arts in Economics. The USC Marshall School of Business offers the latest world class instruction in accounting, finance, entrepreneurship and international business studies (About The Marshall School of Bu siness, 2007).The world has become smaller due to globalization; moreover, some Asian countries are showing highly rapid economic development. Traditional management techniques cannot address these phenomena. It is a course like that provided by the Marshall School of Business, which can properly describe these issues. This is the principal reason for my seeking a transfer to the Marshall School of Business.ReferencesAbout The Marshall School of Business. (2007). Retrieved January 25, 2008, from University of Southern California Marshall School of Business : http://www.marshall.usc.edu/about/About USC. (n.d.). Retrieved January 25, 2008, from University of Southern California:

A Brief Description of the Concept of Courtly Love

For a brief description of the concept of â€Å"courtly love†, a few characteristics must be highlighted. Courtly love appeared in Provence (southern France) in the eleventh century. It consists on the expression of love in its most sincere, chivalric and noble form. It tended to be chaste and adulterous. It was also secret and, in general, always took place between the members of the higher classes of society. Andreas Capellanus defines it in The Art of Courtly Love as â€Å"the pure love which binds together the hearts of two lovers with every feeling of delight. This kind consists on the contemplation of the mind and the affection of the heart; it goes as far as the kiss and the embrace and the modest contact with the nude lover, omitting the final solace, for that is not permitted for those who wish to love purely. [†¦] That is called mixed love which gets its effect from every delight of the flesh and culminates in the final act of Venus† (p.122). In Capellanu s’ definition, it seems to me, that the previous elements mentioned are placed out of the game of love, as long as we consider courtly love to be expressed by the total submission of a young man towards his lady. The fulfilment of the souls in courtly love can rarely be obtained, because there is no equality in the relationship of the individuals. The lover’s love is immanently pure, genuine in essence, but the beloved is usually characterized as unachievable because her self is so perfect that there is not much the lover canShow MoreRelated Francescas Style in Canto V of Dantes Inferno Essay5060 Words   |  21 Pagesis a confession that serves only as a sign that identifies and seals their eternal fates. The brief and compressed description of Minos and his  «offizio » would suggest that this confession of the sinners is largely a formal requirement full of sound and fury signifying only the level of their eternal degradation. Minos is not caught up in the sinne rs confessions, and, indeed, Dantes concise description of the entire process of confession and judgment ( «dicono e odono e poi son già ¹ volte », v. 15)Read MoreAnglo-Saxon Heroic Poetry5673 Words   |  23 Pages(he may have a commitatus, or group of noble followers with whom he grew up), he undertakes a task that no one else dare attempt. 6.Whatever virtues his race most prizes, these, the epic hero as a cultural exemplar, possesses in abundance. 7.The concept of arà ªte (Greek for bringing virtue to perfection) is crucial to understanding the epic protagonist. 8.The hero gains little honor by slaying a lesser mortal, but only by challenging heroes like himself or adversaries of superhuman power. 9.TheRead MoreFigurative Language and the Canterbury Tales13472 Words   |  54 Pagessnouts toward the rim of the hills, the planes raked the underbrush with gunfire. †¢ ..and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth. -Abraham Lincoln 11. aubade: a poem about dawn; a morning love-song; or a poem about the parting of lovers at dawn 12. ballad: a song, transmitted orally, which tells a story. Usually narrator begins with a climactic or traumatic episode, tells the story tersely by means of action and dialogue and tells it withoutRead MoreWho Goes with Fergus11452 Words   |  46 PagesWho Goes With Fergus This poem is about the dichotomy of the thinker and the actor. Yeats, in love with Maud Gonne, was the thinker, the courtly lover -- the one who would brood upon loves bitter mystery. Yeats was Mr. Nice Guy. Yet Yeats wanted to be the actor - the alpha male - the Fergus. Note the sexualized subtext that permeates the poem, who will pierce the deep woods woven shade? Who will drive with Fergus. Finally, we get the reasons to be the alpha male - the man of action, in the