Infectious Disease Research Paper Anthrax free essay sample

Typically spread from humans to livestock and can be transmitted via air, soil, animal hides, and food. The dormant spores of Anthrax can live in soil and animal products, such as hides (leather) for years and it is not easy to kill by heat or cold. Once spores are eaten by livestock, they are activated very quickly, and the bacteria then reproduces. The animal typically dies and the bacteria is returned to the soil and water as spores. Diagnosis typically requires the element of suspicion for a physician to diagnose anthrax. Diagnosis begins with culturing the bacterium and performing a gram stain. A motility test and the lack of hemolysis on blood agar can also be used to diagnose anthrax. The main virulence factors are it’s polypeptide capsule and what is referred to as a tripartite toxin which is composed of three separate proteins. One protein is called edema factor the second protein is protective antigen, and the third is lethal factor which causes massive inflammation and shock. We will write a custom essay sample on Infectious Disease Research Paper Anthrax or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page There is a vaccine that contains live spores and a toxoid prepared from a special strain of B anthracis used to protect livestock in areas of high anthrax cases. There is also a purified toxoid that is recommended for humans that have frequent contact with livestock or animal products that could potentially carry the bacteria. The preferred treatment for anthrax is antibiotics such as penicillin, doxycycline, or ciproflaxin. Anthrax has become one of the popular choices for use as a biological warfare agent. Reasons for this would be because the spores of Bacillus anthracis can remain dangerous for many decades. Other than the use of anthrax in bioterrorism, the occurrence of anthrax is rare and occurs most frequently in developing countries with high agriculture concentration and without veterinary public health programs. Works Cited Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Health and Human

Improvement in Race Relations essays

Improvement in Race Relations essays Race relations in the United States are much better now than they were when Toni Morrison wrote A Slow Walk of Trees 25 years ago. The United States prides itself in being considered the most diverse country in the planet. Living in Los Angeles, California, one of the biggest metropolitan cities in our country, I have the opportunity of seeing different races every day. Our cultural melting pot of a country has evolved so much from the mid-1970s, that interracial marriages, minority executives, celebrities and athletes are all now commonplace in our society. It is also not unheard of to see many minorities living in prominent neighborhoods.. There are still many racial stereotypes in our country. Some people, many of which are Caucasian, are still alienated when seeing a group of young African-American or Latino males. African-American and Latino minorities are still being pulled over by police officers for no particular reason, other than looking suspicious. Racial stereotypes are a result of many instances. One major cause of racial stereotypes in the African-American community is rap music. Rap artists such as Kurupt, Snoop Doggy Dogg, Nas, DMX, Master P and the late Christopher Wallace (Notorious B.I.G) often use lyrics riddled with incidents such as the dealing and use of narcotics, promiscuity, robbery and homicide. The large exposure of rap music, currently the number one selling music genre in our country, gives many people the impression that the majority of black people live that same exact dangerous lifestyle often glamorized by irresponsible rap artists. However, there are rap artists such as Talib Kweli, Mos Def, Outkast, The Roots, and Common Sense that write lyrics about the lack of racial unity in our country, oppression, and the disagreement of the rap style of the rappers who project criminal personalities. ...